Understanding Acid Reflux: Causes, Symptoms, and Natural Solutions

Acid reflux, along with symptoms like heartburn and indigestion, is one of the most common digestive complaints today. If you haven't personally struggled with it, you likely know someone who has. Unfortunately, many people rely on medications that reduce stomach acid, often overlooking the root cause of the problem.

The issue with this approach is that stomach acid plays a crucial role in proper digestion and in protecting your body from harmful pathogens. While these medications may offer temporary relief, they often stop being effective over time, and can interfere with digestion and weaken the body's natural defenses, ultimately leading to even more digestive problems, including reflux.

What is the Antireflux Barrier?

The antireflux barrier is a crucial mechanism that helps prevent stomach acid and undigested food from flowing back into the esophagus. It involves several key components: the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), the diaphragm, the phrenoesophageal ligament (which connects the esophagus to the diaphragm), and the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). Together, these parts work to maintain the proper function of the barrier.

A malfunctioning antireflux barrier is one of the primary causes of acid reflux. Ironically, to function properly, the barrier requires adequate stomach acid. So, when stomach acid levels are too low, the LES may fail to stay closed, allowing acid to move into the esophagus.

What Causes Acid Reflux?

The most common causes of acid reflux are:

1. Impaired Antireflux Barrier – When the LES doesn't close properly, stomach acid can enter the esophagus.

2. Increased Intra-Abdominal Pressure – High pressure in the abdomen can push stomach contents upward, worsening reflux.

   
   

Together, these factors contribute to acid reflux. But what causes these issues in the first place? The answer, in most cases, is low stomach acid. Here’s how:

Low Stomach Acid and the Antireflux Barrier

A healthy amount of stomach acid creates pressure on the LES, helping it stay closed. If stomach acid is too low, the LES may weaken over time and fail to prevent acid from escaping into the esophagus.

Low Stomach Acid and Intra-Abdominal Pressure

Low stomach acid can also contribute to increased gas production. This can occur due to the overgrowth of bacteria in the GI tract. When bacteria ferment undigested food particles, particularly carbohydrates, excess gas is produced, increasing pressure in the stomach. This can cause the LES to open, leading to reflux.

Additionally, when stomach acid is low, proteins, especially from meat, may not be adequately broken down. These undigested proteins can start to rot, leading to the creation of more gas and further increasing abdominal pressure.

Other Causes of Impaired Antireflux Barrier

Several other factors can disrupt the function of the antireflux barrier, including:

• Medications: Some prescription medications can have heartburn as a side effect, impacting the LES.

• Pregnancy: Pregnancy hormones can relax the LES, allowing acid to reflux into the esophagus.

• Hiatal Hernia: A condition where part of the stomach pushes into the chest cavity, preventing the LES from closing properly.

Other Causes of Increased Intra-Abdominal Pressure

While certain lifestyle factors may not directly cause acid reflux, they can exacerbate it by increasing intra-abdominal pressure:

• Obesity: Excess fat in the abdomen can put additional pressure on the stomach, contributing to reflux.

• Laying Flat or Bending Over: Lying down or bending over can make it easier for stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus.

• Pregnancy (Later Stages): As the baby grows, pressure on the abdomen can force stomach contents up into the esophagus.

What Causes Low Stomach Acid?

Given that low stomach acid is the most common cause of acid reflux, it's important to understand what can lead to low stomach acid in the first place. Here are the main culprits:

• H. Pylori Infection: Helicobacter pylori bacteria can colonise the stomach, producing ammonia that neutralises stomach acid. This bacteria is responsible for a significant number of acid reflux cases.

• Aging: As we age, our stomach acid production naturally decreases, which is why acid reflux is more common in older individuals.

• Chronic Stress: Long-term stress can reduce stomach acid production, leading to digestive issues.

• Nutrient Deficiencies: Deficiencies in zinc or vitamin B6 can impair hydrochloric acid (HCl) production in the stomach.

• Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): These medications are designed to reduce stomach acid but can ultimately impair natural acid production, making the problem worse in the long run.

• GI Surgery: Surgical procedures, especially gastric bypass surgery, can decrease stomach acid production.

What Can You Do About It?

If you're struggling with acid reflux, it’s essential to address the root causes rather than just masking the symptoms with medication. Here’s what you can do:

1. Optimise Stomach Acid Production: Rather than relying on acid-reducing medications, focus on improving stomach acid production. This can include addressing H. pylori infections, managing stress, and eating nutrient-dense foods.

2. Support the Antireflux Barrier: Ensure that your LES functions properly by avoiding foods and habits that weaken the barrier. For example, avoid lying down immediately after meals, reduce stress, and maintain a healthy weight.

3. Lifestyle Changes: Focus on practices that promote better digestion, such as eating slowly, chewing food thoroughly, and avoiding large meals that increase intra-abdominal pressure.

4. Test for H. Pylori and Other Conditions: If you suspect low stomach acid or an H. pylori infection, testing can provide valuable insights.

   
   

By addressing the underlying causes of acid reflux, you can reduce reliance on medications and improve your digestive health in the long term. If you’ve been struggling with reflux symptoms and want help resolving the issue naturally, schedule a free introductory consultation to learn more about addressing the root cause of your acid reflux.